These products must be tested for safety and approved by the FDA before they can be used. The FDA also sets an acceptable daily intake ADI for each sweetener, which is the maximum amount considered safe to consume each day during a person's lifetime.
But in reality, aspartame is used at lower levels, and amounts found in soft drinks can be 3 to 6 times less than the maximum permitted levels. This means you would have to drink 36 cans or more to reach the ADI. Critics made the claim that pulmonary lesions observed in aspartame-exposed animals were inflammatory lesions caused by Mycoplasma infection rather than malignant neoplasms.
Findings: This immunohistochemical and morphological re-evaluation confirmed the original diagnoses of malignancy in There was no evidence of Mycoplasma infection. Interpretation: These new findings confirm that aspartame is a chemical carcinogen in rodents. Be sure to read labels when buying foods and beverages. Despite the popularity of sugar-free products, the leading artificial sweetener aspartame continues to be controversial.
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These findings raise the possibility that aspartame may be a contributor to current increases in incidence of leukemia and other cancers in children [ 25 ]. National and international public health agencies need to take careful notice of these revalidated findings.
Previous facile dismissals of the carcinogenicity of aspartame can no longer be sustained [ 8 , 9 , 17 , 18 ]. Long experience documents that delay in acting on well-documented evidence of chemical carcinogenesis results in unnecessary disease and preventable death [ 26 — 28 ]. The findings presented here underscore the need for epidemiologic studies of cancer incidence in populations exposed to aspartame — especially children exposed to aspartame in utero.
To date, only two epidemiologic studies have been conducted of aspartame-exposed populations. The first, a study conducted in a very large population of middle aged Americans by the US National Cancer Institute, showed no carcinogenic effect [ 29 ].
Although the population was large, this study used a relatively weak questionnaire instrument for assessing aspartame exposures and appears to have been subject to exposure misclassification. Moreover, reported exposures were generally low and the study was not designbed to assess the consequences of aspartame exposures in early life.
A second epidemiological study conducted within the prospectively followed population of the Harvard Nurses Health Study carefully assessed exposures and reported a significantly elevated risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma NHL in males who consumed one or more servings of soda per day [ 30 ]. There reappeared to be a positive exposure-response relationship between soda consumption and NHL risk.
Additional, carefully conducted epidemiological studies of the potential of aspartame to cause cancer in humans are very much needed, with a particular focus on early-life exposures. This call reiterates a plea for such reexamination that was made by Ramazzini Institute scientists in [ 31 ]. We call upon food agencies in countries around the world to reassess Acceptable Daily Intake ADI levels for aspartame.
Both authors provided equal writing and editing to the original and subsequent drafts. All authors approved the final version of the manuscript. There is no financial conflict of interest. Both Dr. Landrigan and Dr. Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Philip J. Landrigan, Email: ude. Kurt Straif, Email: ude.
National Center for Biotechnology Information , U. Journal List Environ Health v. Environ Health. Published online Apr Landrigan 1, 2, 3 and Kurt Straif 4, 5.
Author information Article notes Copyright and License information Disclaimer. Corresponding author. Received Feb 2; Accepted Apr 6. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder.
Aspartame and cancer — new evidence causation " in volume 20, This article has been cited by other articles in PMC. Findings This immunohistochemical and morphological re-evaluation confirmed the original diagnoses of malignancy in Interpretation These new findings confirm that aspartame is a chemical carcinogen in rodents.
Introduction For decades, controversy has surrounded the question of whether the artificial sweetener, aspartame can cause cancer. The Ramazzini Institute studies of aspartame In , in response to rising concerns about the safety of aspartame, the Ramazzini Institute RI , an independent, not-for-profit research laboratory in Bologna, Italy initiated a series of large-scale toxicological studies of the possible carcinogenicity of aspartame.
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