It must be mentioned that like other drugs, they can also cause side effects and must be taken with care. Estrogen is the main feminizing hormone that is responsible for the development of secondary sex characteristics in the body. Progesterone is a third hormone that is directly linked to the reproductive cycle in a female and is not produced in a male.
Effects On The Body: The effects of testosterone are completed over several years and a lot of factors can influence the degree of change one experiences, including the number of hormone receptors in your body, your age, the dose.
Testosterone affects the entire body; and it is impossible to pick some changes and not others. Effects On Voice: Your voice may get deepen during female to male transitioning hormone therapy.
In most people, some change can be noticeable after 3 months and there is no further change after one year. This change is permanent. One more way to change your voice is via voice therapy. Effects On Hair: The effect of testosterone hormone on transgender people can cause hair loss and perhaps baldness.
For some individual, this is a desired effect. If this is not your case, then you may consider a range of options like medication for preventing hair loss such as Finasteride, wigs or implants. Apart from this, your muscular mass may increase.
These changes will be gradual, possibly beginning around 3 months after the therapy. Fat may redistribute towards its original pattern and muscle mass may decrease gradually in transgender people if they stop taking the testosterone hormone. This could include hair on your chest, eyebrows, stomach, neck, back, pubic area, arms, legs and also ears and nose. Existing hair may become coarser. You may notice the changes in about one month and one year, and will not be completed for many years.
This must be kept in mind that this change is permanent. Effects On Skin: The hormone testosterone changes the skin in the transgender people, making it thicker and also sometimes a little oilier. This may also cause acne. You need to consult your doctor if acne is persistent. Together you may consider lowering the dosage of testosterone you are prescribed. Effects On Body: Hormones will have a different effect on different individual undergoing transitioning, depending on dosage, their age, body type and will take a couple of years to fully take effect.
Hormones, affect the entire body. It is impossible to choose some changes and not others. Effects On Voice: Here, hormones will not have an effect on your voice. In case you are looking for a change, keep in mind that you can train your vocal cords to produce a sound more to your liking, by practicing the same. Effects On Body Fat: Taking estrogen hormone will cause a redistribution of body fat in a pattern that is generally found in cisgender women i.
These hormone effects on transgenders are gradual and might reduce if you stop taking the hormone therapy. Effects On Body Hair: Anti-androgens hormone therapy sometimes cause body hair to get finer. Beards are minimally affected by hormone therapy. Copyright Translational Andrology and Urology. All rights reserved. This article has been cited by other articles in PMC.
Abstract Many transgender men and women seek hormone therapy as part of the transition process. Keywords: Hormone therapy, transgender, gender dysphoria, cross-sex hormones. Introduction Transgender individuals experience discord between their self-identified gender and biological sex. Testosterone Testosterone therapy is used to suppress female secondary sex characteristics and masculinize transgender men.
Table 1 Testosterone options for transgender men. Open in a separate window. Estrogen Hormone therapy for transgender women is intended to feminize patients by changing fat distribution, inducing breast formation, and reducing male pattern hair growth Table 2 Estrogen and anti-androgen options for transgender women.
Route Formulation Dosing Oral Estradiol 2—4 mg daily Parental subcutaneous, intramuscular Estradiol valerate 5—30 mg every 2 weeks Transdermal Estradiol 0. Effects of testosterone and estrogen Many trans men seek maximum virilization, while others desire suppression of their natal secondary sex characteristics only.
Table 3 Surveillance recommendations for transgender men on testosterone. Table 4 Surveillance recommendations for transgender women on estrogen. Special considerations Routine laboratory monitoring of patients on cross-sex hormone therapy can be challenging because results are often reported using gender-specific reference intervals, which are not all appropriate for transgender patients.
Conclusions Many transgender individuals seek cross-sex hormone therapy for treatment of gender dysphoria. Acknowledgements None. Footnotes Conflicts of Interest : The author has no conflicts of interest to declare.
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Spack NP. Management of transgenderism. JAMA ; Prevalence of cardiovascular disease and cancer during cross-sex hormone therapy in a large cohort of trans persons: a case-control study. Goldstein said transgender patients also should be screened for substance abuse, depression and psychological distress, all contributors to heart disease. Greene agreed. He said recent research has helped raise awareness among some medical professionals.
Goldstein said more long-term research is needed to provide additional insights into the cardiovascular health of transgender men and women. If you have questions or comments about this story, please email editor heart.
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