Official websites use. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. As of January 1, , all tariffs and quotas were eliminated on U. In , Mexico was our third-largest trading partner after Canada and China and second-largest export market.
Two-way trade in goods and services totaled USD billion, and this trade directly and indirectly supports millions of U. Mexico is the first or second-largest export destination for 27 U. NAFTA provides coverage to services except for aviation transport, maritime, and basic telecommunications.
The agreement also provides intellectual property rights protection in a variety of areas including patent, trademark, and copyrighted material. Some critics also cite the rising wave of Mexican immigrants to the U. But it does have some differences. Some are simple updates, expanding the tariff ban on new technologies and industries. The agreement also establishes copyright safe harbor for internet companies, meaning they can't be held liable for copyright infringements by users.
In particular, it revised and toughened labor laws relating to Mexico, establishing an independent investigatory panel that can investigate companies accused of violating workers' rights, and stop shipments from those found to be in violation of labor laws. It also compelled Mexico to enact a wide array of labor reforms, to improve working conditions and increase wages.
Here are some other distinctions between the two agreements, indicating qualifications for tariff-free status and other rules. The goal was to make doing business in Mexico and Canada less expensive for U. Among its three member nations, NAFTA eliminated tariffs and other trade barriers to agricultural and manufactured goods, along with services. It also removed investment restrictions and protected intellectual property rights. Finally, its provisions addressed environmental and labor concerns, attempting to establish a common high standard in each country.
Signed on Nov. Cross-border investments also surged, and U. GDP overall rose slightly. It has opened up new export opportunities, acted as a stimulus to build internationally competitive businesses, and helped attract significant foreign investment," states the Canadian government's website.
Total merchandise trade between Canada and the United States more than doubled since and grew nine-fold between Canada and Mexico. There were significant gains, some serious losses—and some results that are hard to unravel. So, the overall, actual impact of the agreement is hard to isolate, especially from the lingering effects of the Great Recession, and other significant economic, technological, and industrial trends that have occurred on the continent and globally in the past quarter-century.
Often, NAFTA gets blamed for developments that are not directly its fault, or that may have happened anyway. So views and analyses of it are often projected through the lens of opinion about these subjects in general.
Office of the United States Trade Representative. United States Census Bureau. Accessed March 29, Congressional Research Service. The New York Times. Council on Foreign Relations.
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